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Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. iupui lbeurtrwIndiana University School of Nursing. The use of qualitative research methods in nursing research is common.
There is a need for Clinical Nurse Specialists CNSs to become informed regarding how such qualitative findings can serve as evidence for nursing practice changes. To inform CNSs of the meaning and utility of qualitative research findings. Implications for qualitative research findings as evidence in nursing practice are particularly discussed.
As the use of qualitative research methods proliferates throughout health care, and specifically nursing research studies, there is a need for Clinical Nurse Specialists CNSs to become informed regarding the potential utility of qualitative research findings in practice.
In this column, the questions of what qualitative findings meanhow the ever-increasing amounts of qualitative research evidence can be used, and how such findings can contribute to evidence-based nursing practice, are considered. First, to provide readers with a context for the discussion, a brief overview of qualitative research and its theoretical underpinnings is included. Qualitative research refers to a method of inquiry in which the researcher, acting as data collection instrument, seeks to answer questions about how or why a particular phenomenon occurs.
Questions regarding of what a phenomenon is comprised may also guide qualitative research 1. The most fundamental assumption underlying qualitative research is that reality is something socially constructed on an individual basis 2. Varied methods of qualitative critiquing qualitative research essay exist. Examples of qualitative methods employed in nursing research include grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and qualitative description.
Each method has its own assumptions and purposes and an appropriate method is chosen based on the research question. For example, a researcher investigating the process involved in the occurrence of a phenomenon would likely choose grounded theory, while a researcher interested in the meaning of the phenomenon would utilize phenomenology.
Regardless of method, participants are purposefully enrolled based on their familiarity with the phenomenon. Data are analyzed inductively via specific, rigorous techniques and then organized in a manner which best answers the research question 3. Importantly, the objective critiquing qualitative research essay qualitative research is not the accumulation of information, but the growth of understanding about phenomena of concern to nursing 4.
The way in which qualitative findings appear in research reports varies depending on the method utilized. Experts Sandelowski and Kearney in the field recommend categorizing qualitative findings in terms of the knowledge they generate, regardless of methodological origin. Sandelowski and Barroso 5 have developed a typology of qualitative research findings. In this typology, findings exist on a continuum. While the authors note that the goal of the typology is not to judge the quality of findings, the typology can assist readers in determining which types of findings should be omitted from evidence influencing practice no finding and topical survey and those which may be more sophisticated, critiquing qualitative research essay, furthest from the data, and potentially applicable to practice.
Kearney 6too, has put forth a categorization mechanism for qualitative findings based on their degree of complexity and discovery and asserts that their application as evidence in practice is based on the category in which they fall. These findings cannot serve as evidence. Now that the types of qualitative findings have been described, it is possible to discuss how such findings are used in nursing practice.
A common misconception is that qualitative research findings are, critiquing qualitative research essay, by default, critiquing qualitative research essay, preliminary to quantitative studies, cannot stand alone, and lack generalizability 4.
Qualitative findings, however, can be complete by themselves. Sandelowski 4 differentiates between the generalizability of quantitative findings versus that of qualitative findings. Regarding quantitative findings, critiquing qualitative research essay, generalization is characterized by establishing universal laws for populations based on information from samples deemed to be similar to those populations, which cannot, nor is it meant to, be achieved with qualitative findings.
Qualitative findings are not generalizable in the prevalent sense of the word—they do not provide laws or relationships that can be taken from a single sample and applied to entire populations. Rather, they are generalizable in a way that is particularly pertinent to nursing practice, in which there is an expectation that scientific findings, and nursing care itself, be tailored to unique individuals in their distinct contexts. That is, critiquing qualitative research essay findings critiquing qualitative research essay idiographic knowledge about human experiences critiquing qualitative research essay readerswho can apply qualitative findings to the care of individuals who are in situations similar to that of those in the sample from which findings came 4.
As the above critiquing qualitative research essay demonstrates, a CNS who reads qualitative research can potentially gain insight into the behaviors, needs, and experiences of his or her patient population, informing CNS practice. Sandelowski 9 notes that qualitative findings can demonstrate instrumental, symbolic, and conceptual utility.
Instrumental utilization refers to the concrete application of findings that have been made into new forms such as clinical guidelines, standards of care, critiquing qualitative research essay, appraisal tools, algorithms, and intervention protocols.
Symbolic utilization is less concrete and does not result in a true practice change, but rather findings are used to legitimate a position or practice. Symbolic utilization of findings is often a precursor to instrumental utilization. Conceptual utilization is very intangible, and leads to the way in which a user thinks about providing care.
Qualitative findings have demonstrated independent instrumental utility in leading to key changes in clinical communication practices. The results of one study eventually led to the recommendation that active listening, appraisal, teaching, critiquing qualitative research essay, and social support be included in patient-family-provider communication.
These findings were executed into practice directly and have led to improved outcomes A CNS could similarly directly apply qualitative findings to practice. For example, an oncology CNS who learned, via reading qualitative research, that oncology patients prefer a certain type critiquing qualitative research essay communication style at the end of life could work in the nursing sphere to educate nurses and develop with them a communication guide for these particular patients.
The CNS could then measure pertinent outcomes associated with the intervention patient satisfaction, for example. Qualitative findings also demonstrate instrumental utility by refining quantitative research. Qualitative findings often underlie the concepts measured in quantitative instruments. That is, qualitative methods can be used to investigate unexpected quantitative results or to explain why the effectiveness success of an intervention in a critiquing qualitative research essay study is not equal to its efficacy success of an intervention in practice.
For example, qualitative findings might inform a CNS of potential reasons a particular evidence-based intervention has not been effective in his or her patient population or for a specific patient. In effect, the experiences of patients in a certain situation as captured via qualitative methods have informed, and potentially improved, the care provided to other patients in that situation.
Kearney 6 has made explicit statements regarding the ways in which qualitative findings can directly impact nursing practice. First, findings can lead to clinical insight or empathy. Armed with this understanding, the nurse pays attention to new cues from the patient, can make sense of certain presumably aberrant behaviors, and provide support in a more informed way. Qualitative findings can also contribute to assessment of patient status or progress. Findings which portray a trajectory of illness can inform the development of clinical assessment tools for individual patients or, critiquing qualitative research essay, with further testing, a particular patient population.
Qualitative findings can also be applied via anticipatory guidance. This type of application is somewhat interventionist, as nurses share qualitative findings directly with clients, offering a research-based perspective on what patients might be experiencing and how others have described that experience. This critiquing qualitative research essay requires higher-complexity findings.
How does one know if he or she can trust the results of a qualitative study? Unlike in quantitative research, critiquing qualitative research essay, in which there are checklists and p values available to guide such a decision, the evaluation of qualitative research is less clear-cut. While researchers have created checklists to ease the process by which the validity of qualitative findings is assessed 13critiquing qualitative research essay, experts in the field struggle to come to a consensus regarding the appropriate criteria for evaluating qualitative studies because, according to Sandelowski 14 and others 15 — 16no criteria can uniformly address quality in the many various methods used in qualitative research.
Sandelowski and Barroso 16 prefer that the quality of qualitative studies be judged based on criteria specific to the method being critiquing qualitative research essay. These authors offer a reading guideto which readers of this journal are referred, which guides readers through evaluating the features of any qualitative report most relevant to its quality and use Undeniably, qualitative methods have become a standard way in which researchers generate knowledge pertinent to nursing practice.
Thus, CNSs are surrounded by much qualitative evidence with which they might lack familiarity in utilizing. Here, the discussion, though admittedly non-exhaustive, has hopefully illuminated to readers the value and potential utility of qualitative findings as evidence in nursing, including ways in which such findings can be immediately applied to practice. This column was made possible by Grant Number 2T32 NR from the National Institute of Nursing Research.
Wendy Miller is an Adult Health Clinical Nurse Specialist and a Critiquing qualitative research essay in Nursing Science student at the Indiana University School of Nursing, critiquing qualitative research essay. She is studying the self-management of older adults with epilepsy and is supported by a T32 pre-doctoral training grant. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript.
The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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Author manuscript; available in PMC Jul 1. PMCID: PMC NIHMSID: NIHMS Wendy R. MillerMSN, RN, CCRN. Miller N Street, Bedford, INude. iupui lbeurtrwcritiquing qualitative research essay, Indiana University School of Nursing Find articles by Wendy R. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Miller, N Street, Bedford, INcritiquing qualitative research essay, ude. iupui lbeurtrwIndiana University School of Nursing. Copyright notice.
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Abstract Background The use of qualitative research methods in nursing research is common. Purpose To inform CNSs of the meaning and utility of qualitative research findings. Keywords: qualitative research, evidence-based practice, nursing. Introduction As the use of qualitative research methods proliferates throughout health care, critiquing qualitative research essay, and specifically nursing research studies, there is a need for Clinical Nurse Specialists CNSs to become informed regarding the potential utility of qualitative research findings in practice.
How To Critique A Research Paper, Article, Journal (Critical Appraisal)
, time: 24:32Qualitative Research Findings as Evidence: Utility in Nursing Practice
The aims of the present paper are a) to discuss the various stage of critiquing research and b) to illustrate a case example of research critique by discussing a qualitative research paper 1 day ago · Modularity of mind an essay on faculty psychology essay about a school trip to the zoo. Words and phrases used in essays. Freedom at midnight book review essays, essay on critiquing qualitative research, political culture review essay case study layout ideas, write essay about hindu religion single case study pdf What is Qualitative Research? Qualitative research refers to a method of inquiry in which the researcher, acting as data collection instrument, seeks to answer questions about how or why a particular phenomenon occurs. Questions regarding of what a phenomenon is comprised may also guide qualitative research blogger.com most fundamental assumption underlying qualitative research is that
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